CHILE (3/20/2015)
- General Information
- Articles
- The Theory of Sectoral Clashes, Markos J. Mamalakis, Latin American Research Review, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Autumn, 1969) (pp. 9-46)
- The Theory of Sectoral Clashes and Coalitions Revisited, Markos J. Mamalakis, Latin American Research Review, Vol. 6, No. 3 (Autumn, 1971) (pp. 89-126)
- The Chilean Labor Movement under Salvador Allende: 1970-1973. Francisco Zapata. Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 3, No. 1, Imperialism and the Working Class in Latin America (Winter, 1976), pp. 85-97.
- Invisible Blockade and Overthrow of Allende, Sigmund
- Why Allende Failed, Rosenstein
- The Pinochet Dilemma. Ricardo Lagos, Heraldo Muñoz and Anne-Marie Slaughter. Foreign Policy, No. 114 (Spring, 1999), pp. 26-39.
- State "Continuismo" and "Pinochetismo:" The Keys to the Chilean Transition. Jonathan R. Barton. Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Jul., 2002), pp. 358-374. Continuation of the Pinochet model of neo-liberalism in the post-Pinochet period.
- Export elite: nitrate, copper—“War of the Pacific”—Atacama Desert
- Umbrella of political parties
- Conservative & Liberal
- Radical & Democrats
- Socialists & Communists
- Christian Democrats
- 1920-24, Arturo Alessandri (Radical/Democrats)—middle-class reformist—unable to pass reforms
- 1925-31, military assumes power under Carlos Ibanez, implements reforms
- 1931-32, 9 different governments
- First democratic era, 1932-73
- 1930s—A. Alessandri, more conservative, but copper taxes & exchange rates used to escalate the transfer of resources from the copper companies
- Gradual escalation (sometimes de-escalation) of state control over export sector
- 1938-52—Radicals (middle-class reformists)
- 1938-41—Popular Front—50% tax on copper—CORFO to promote industrial sector—Anti-fascist—Allende had been in charge of the 1938 presidential campaign and was Minister of Health during the Popular Front.
- 1950s—failure of Radicals—“New Deal” for copper companies—Jorge Alessandri (son of A. Alessandri) as Minister of Finance promoting austerity
- 1958 Election—FRAP (Salvador Allende), PDC (Eduardo Frei Montalvo), Conservatives (J. Alessandri)—Alessandri wins
- 1964—Allende v Frei—Frei wins
- 1970—Allende v Tomic v Alessandri—Allende wins
- Allende’s policies: continued and intensified PDC policies; nationalization of copper mines and banking); national health insurance administered by the state; even more extensive land reform (goal was to expropriate all holding greater than about 200 acres); raised minimum wage; public housing and school nutrition programs; state support of the arts; close contacts with Castro and Cuba; in general, the lower sectors of the economic ladder saw significant gains in standard of living.
- US reaction: killing of General Schneider supported by CIA (one month after election and before the Congressional vote); cut-off U.S. financial assistance; supported the opposition (Nixon authorized expenditures of $10 mn to middle-class unions, opposition newspaper, etc.)
- Sept. 11, 1973--Pinochet coup
- Pinochet Coup in Chile—Video , former prisoners, soccer stadium, Victor Jara, bombing of La Moneda, US Role, Villa Grimaldi
- US, Allende, and Pinochet in Chile —Video
- CIA, Allende, and Pinochet in Chile —Video
- Battle of Chile--Patricio Guzman's acclaimed documentary trilogy about the 1973 coup against Salvador Allende--including Swedish reporter filming a Chilean soldier who aims, shoots, and murders the reporter.
- Pinochet—1973-89
- Human Rights: Operation Condor; Caravan of Death; 30,000 tortured; 3,500 exiled or disappeared; assassinations of Gen. Schneider (in Chile, 1970), Gen. Prats (with wife in Buenos Aires, 1974), Orlando Letelier (with colleague and US citizen, Ronni Moffitt, in Washington, D.C., 1976).
- Letelier Assassination
- Missing, the movie
- Murder of Charles Horman
- Mothers of the Disappeared, U2 Video
- La Moneda, 1973 and 2011
- Villa Grimaldi
- Economic Policy
- Exit of Pinochet—1988 plebiscite—1989 election
- Charging Pinochet--Overview of human rights record, plebiscite, and judicial proceedings.
- Second democratic era, 1990-present (PDC and Socialists until 2010)
- 1990-94—Patricio Aylwin (PDC—center/left coalition)
- 1994-2000—Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (son of 1964 president—PDC—center/left coalition)
- 2000-2006—Ricardo Lagos (Socialist—center/left coalition)
- 2006-2010—Michelle Bachelet (Socialist—center/left coalition)
- 2010-2014—Sebastian Pinera (Natl. Renewal, right of center)
- 2014-1018--Michelle Bachelet (Socialist—center/left coalition)
- Identification
- War of the Pacific
- Atacama Desert
- Plethora of political parties
- Arturo Alessandri
- Carlos Ibanez
- Popular Front
- CORFO
- “New Deal” for copper companies
- 1958, 1964, and 1970 elections
- Jorge Alessandri
- Eduardo Frei
- Salvador Allende
- Sept. 11, 1973 military coup
- Augusto Pinochet
- 1988 plebiscite—1989 election
- Charges against Pinochet
- Second democratic period, 1990 to present (first two decades dominated by PDC and Socialists)
- Political polarization due to labor militancy, —stability depends on capability of center to dominate
- Relationship between economic stages and political regimes
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